Breastfeeding Education Through Clinical Demonstration for Primiparous Women to Prevent Sore Nipples and Engorgement

Several studies show that breastfeeding problems in the first days of birth pose a significant obstacle to successful breastfeeding. Among the most common breast problems experienced by mothers are breast abscesses, mastitis, nipple pain and sore nipples, engorgement, and flat or inverted nipples. Treatment for sore nipples and breast engorgement is mostly focused on medication. There is very little research that focuses on the impact of interventions regarding breastfeeding techniques carried out during the antenatal period to prevent sore nipples. Knowing the effect of breastfeeding position and attachment education through clinical demonstration in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women to prevent sore nipples and engorgement. This research uses quasi-experiments. The population in this research is a third-trimester pregnant woman in the Kasihan, Pajangan, Sewon, Banguntapan, Pleret, and Jetis Community Health Centers. The number of samples in this study was 100 divided into 2, namely 50 intervention groups and 50 control groups. breastfeeding education will be provided to pregnant women at 34-35 weeks of gestation, as led by a lactation counselor. The first session will take place at a puskesmas (public health center), where mothers will receive an e-booklet, followed by 40 minutes of hands-on clinical skills training for those in the intervention group. A second session will take place two weeks after the first session in the form of a home visit only for those in the intervention group. The outcome of this research is position, attachment, effective sucking, nipple pain, sore nipples, and engorgement. T-test and chi-square will be used to test differences and similarities between study groups.

NCT Number	NCT06770595
Lead Sponsor	Gadjah Mada University
Conditions	Nipple Infection, Nipple Discharge, Engorgement
Enrollment	100 participants
Start Date	2025-12-26
Primary Completion	2026-03-15 (estimated)
Study Completion	2026-03-31 (estimated)
Updated on ClinicalTrials.gov	2025-12-19