Exercise Effects on Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly affects quality of life and increases the demand for medical care of those affected. It is very important to identify triggering factors, such as oxidative stress or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as well as to identify potential biomarkers through plasma analysis. At the same time, it is essential to establish adequate training and rehabilitation programs, which would result in a decrease in hospitalizations and the health care costs associated with the pathology. Current cardiac rehabilitation programs based on physical exercise, especially moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), have demonstrated effectiveness. MICT improves cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with AF. However, high-intensity intervallic training (HIIT) has shown superior benefits in these variables. Although HIIT traditionally has an aerobic focus, a variant called high-intensity functional training (HIFT) is suggested that incorporates muscle strengthening exercises recommended in the guidelines for AF management. This innovative modality seeks to achieve cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations simultaneously, with a high transfer to daily activities. Despite its potential, the effects at the functional, molecular and clinical levels in patients with AF are unknown. The purpose of the study is to determine the benefits of HIFT on molecular, functional and clinical variables in patients with AF, and to compare these benefits with those achieved with HIIT and the usual care and recommendations in current clinical practice.