Comparative Assessment of Sleep Positive Airway Pressure Modalities (CASPAM)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been one of the topmost global health problems. It is an underdiagnosed disease which have a huge burden on healthcare if left untreated. Almost 80-90% of adults are underdiagnosed of OSA Obesity primarily is one of the supreme risk factors for developing OSA. Globally, obesity cases have risen affecting almost two billion people. According to National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019, 1 in 2 adults in Malaysia were overweight or obese. Report from World Obesity Atlas 2023 predicts that adult obesity will rise 4.7% annually from 2020 - 2035, while child obesity will increase by 5.3% per year over similar timeline. Overweight individuals will have a significant economic impact on Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2035 by 2.8% which is estimated to be about RM 3.2 trillion. Sequalae of OSA is divided into two (cardiovascular-metabolic effect and neurocognitive effect). This group of patients are at high risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia which then leads to pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. More importantly, from the neurocognitive point of view, persistent sleep deprivation will lead to poor concentration, impaired memory, personality changes affecting overall self-performance which can lead to depression and compromising safety as they have higher risk of work-related accidents.