The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing year by year. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) statistics in 2021, the global number of people with diabetes has reached 537 million. The patient population is large and heterogeneous, and precise diagnosis and treatment of diabetes patients have been a focus of attention. The objective of this study is to clarify the current status of precision classification and diagnosis of diabetes patients through retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and to establish a model for precision classification and diagnosis of diabetes, improving the accuracy of diabetes classification and diagnosis; based on big data of precision medicine for diabetes patients and follow-up cohorts, to establish precise diagnostic, therapeutic, and predictive methods for diabetes; and through multi-omics data analysis, to explore the potential pathogenesis of diabetes, explaining the heterogeneity of patients, and guiding individualized treatment for patients.